Reference Guide

Normal Lab Ranges

A comprehensive reference table for 67+ common biomarkers. Compare your results against standard reference ranges by sex.

Biomarker	Category	Male Range	Female Range	Unit	Notes
Glucose (Fasting)	Blood Sugar	70 - 100	70 - 100	mg/dL	Fasting required (8-12 hours)
Glucose (Random)	Blood Sugar	70 - 140	70 - 140	mg/dL	Non-fasting
Hemoglobin A1c	Blood Sugar	< 5.7	< 5.7	%	5.7-6.4% = prediabetes
Insulin (Fasting)	Blood Sugar	2.6 - 24.9	2.6 - 24.9	uIU/mL	Fasting required
Total Cholesterol	Cholesterol	< 200	< 200	mg/dL	Desirable < 200
LDL Cholesterol	Cholesterol	< 100	< 100	mg/dL	Optimal < 100
HDL Cholesterol	Cholesterol	> 40	> 50	mg/dL	Higher is better
Triglycerides	Cholesterol	< 150	< 150	mg/dL	Fasting preferred
VLDL	Cholesterol	5 - 40	5 - 40	mg/dL	Calculated value
Apolipoprotein B	Cholesterol	< 90	< 90	mg/dL	Optimal < 80
Creatinine	Kidney	0.74 - 1.35	0.59 - 1.04	mg/dL	Varies with muscle mass
BUN	Kidney	6 - 20	6 - 20	mg/dL	Blood urea nitrogen
eGFR	Kidney	> 90	> 90	mL/min/1.73m²	< 60 may indicate kidney disease
Uric Acid	Kidney	3.4 - 7.0	2.4 - 6.0	mg/dL	High levels linked to gout
Cystatin C	Kidney	0.56 - 0.98	0.56 - 0.98	mg/L	Alternative to creatinine
ALT	Liver	7 - 56	7 - 45	U/L	Alanine aminotransferase
AST	Liver	10 - 40	9 - 32	U/L	Aspartate aminotransferase
ALP	Liver	44 - 147	44 - 147	U/L	Alkaline phosphatase
GGT	Liver	9 - 48	9 - 36	U/L	Gamma-glutamyl transferase
Total Bilirubin	Liver	0.1 - 1.2	0.1 - 1.2	mg/dL	Breakdown product of hemoglobin
Direct Bilirubin	Liver	0.0 - 0.3	0.0 - 0.3	mg/dL	Conjugated bilirubin
Albumin	Liver	3.5 - 5.5	3.5 - 5.5	g/dL	Main blood protein
Total Protein	Liver	6.0 - 8.3	6.0 - 8.3	g/dL	Albumin + globulin
Globulin	Liver	2.0 - 3.5	2.0 - 3.5	g/dL	Immune-related proteins
TSH	Thyroid	0.27 - 4.20	0.27 - 4.20	mIU/L	Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Free T4	Thyroid	0.93 - 1.70	0.93 - 1.70	ng/dL	Active thyroxine
Free T3	Thyroid	2.0 - 4.4	2.0 - 4.4	pg/mL	Active triiodothyronine
Total T4	Thyroid	4.5 - 12.0	4.5 - 12.0	ug/dL	Total thyroxine
Total T3	Thyroid	80 - 200	80 - 200	ng/dL	Total triiodothyronine
TPO Antibodies	Thyroid	< 34	< 34	IU/mL	Autoimmune thyroid marker
WBC	Blood Cells	4.5 - 11.0	4.5 - 11.0	x10³/uL	White blood cells
RBC	Blood Cells	4.35 - 5.65	3.92 - 5.13	x10⁶/uL	Red blood cells
Hemoglobin	Blood Cells	13.2 - 16.6	11.6 - 15.0	g/dL	Oxygen-carrying protein
Hematocrit	Blood Cells	38.3 - 48.6	35.5 - 44.9	%	% blood that is red cells
Platelets	Blood Cells	150 - 400	150 - 400	x10³/uL	Blood clotting cells
MCV	Blood Cells	80 - 100	80 - 100	fL	Red cell size
MCH	Blood Cells	27 - 33	27 - 33	pg	Hemoglobin per red cell
MCHC	Blood Cells	31.5 - 35.7	31.5 - 35.7	g/dL	Hemoglobin concentration
RDW	Blood Cells	11.5 - 14.5	11.5 - 14.5	%	Red cell size variation
MPV	Blood Cells	7.5 - 11.5	7.5 - 11.5	fL	Platelet size
Neutrophils	Blood Cells	40 - 70	40 - 70	%	Fight bacterial infections
Lymphocytes	Blood Cells	20 - 40	20 - 40	%	Fight viral infections
Monocytes	Blood Cells	2 - 8	2 - 8	%	Clean up dead cells
Eosinophils	Blood Cells	1 - 4	1 - 4	%	Fight parasites, allergies
Basophils	Blood Cells	0.5 - 1	0.5 - 1	%	Allergic responses
Vitamin D	Vitamins	30 - 100	30 - 100	ng/mL	25-hydroxyvitamin D
Vitamin B12	Vitamins	200 - 900	200 - 900	pg/mL	Cobalamin
Folate	Vitamins	> 3.0	> 3.0	ng/mL	Folic acid / Vitamin B9
Magnesium	Vitamins	1.7 - 2.2	1.7 - 2.2	mg/dL	Essential mineral
Calcium	Vitamins	8.5 - 10.5	8.5 - 10.5	mg/dL	Bone and nerve health
Phosphorus	Vitamins	2.5 - 4.5	2.5 - 4.5	mg/dL	Bone and energy
Zinc	Vitamins	60 - 120	60 - 120	ug/dL	Immune function
Serum Iron	Iron	65 - 175	50 - 170	ug/dL	Circulating iron
Ferritin	Iron	20 - 250	10 - 120	ng/mL	Stored iron
TIBC	Iron	250 - 370	250 - 370	ug/dL	Total iron-binding capacity
Transferrin Saturation	Iron	20 - 50	20 - 50	%	% of transferrin carrying iron
CRP	Inflammation	< 3.0	< 3.0	mg/L	C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)
ESR	Inflammation	0 - 22	0 - 29	mm/hr	Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Homocysteine	Inflammation	5 - 15	5 - 15	umol/L	Cardiovascular risk marker
PSA	Other	< 4.0	N/A	ng/mL	Prostate-specific antigen
Testosterone	Other	264 - 916	15 - 70	ng/dL	Total testosterone
Estradiol	Other	10 - 40	15 - 350	pg/mL	Varies with menstrual cycle
Cortisol (AM)	Other	6 - 18	6 - 18	ug/dL	Morning level
DHEA-S	Other	80 - 560	35 - 430	ug/dL	Varies significantly with age
Sodium	Other	136 - 145	136 - 145	mEq/L	Electrolyte balance
Potassium	Other	3.5 - 5.0	3.5 - 5.0	mEq/L	Heart and muscle function
Chloride	Other	98 - 106	98 - 106	mEq/L	Electrolyte balance

Reference ranges may vary between laboratories. These values represent commonly used adult ranges. Always refer to the specific ranges printed on your lab report.

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LabGPT provides educational explanations only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your doctor or qualified healthcare provider with questions about your health.